In terms of technology, the Guanches can be placed among the peoples of the Stone Age, although scholars often reject this classification because of its ambiguity. However, the Cave of the Guanches in the northern municipality of Icod de los Vinos has provided the oldest chronologies of the Canary Islands, with dates around the sixth century BCE. The earliest known human settlement in the islands, dating to around 200 BCE, was established by Berbers known as the Guanches. Guanche mummy in Museo de la Naturaleza y el Hombre of Santa Cruz de Tenerife For example, the 18th-century historians Juan Núñez de la Peña and Tomás Arias Marín de Cubas, among others, suggested that the indigenous peoples might have named the island for the famous Guanche king, Tinerfe, nicknamed "the Great", who ruled Tenerife before the Canary Islands were conquered by Castile. However, throughout history, other explanations for the origin of island's name have been proposed. Later maps dating to the 14th and 15th century, drawn by mapmakers such as Bontier and Le Verrier, called the island Isla del Infierno, ("Hell Island"), due to Mount Teide's volcanic eruptions and other volcanic activity.Īlthough the name given to the island by the Benahoaritas (the indigenous peoples of La Palma) was derived from the words teni ("mountain") and ife ("white"), after the island was colonized by the Spanish the name was modified by Spanish phonology: the letter "r" was added to link the two words, producing the single word Tenerife. nives), meaning "snow", after the snow-covered peak of the Mount Teide volcano. Juba II and the ancient Romans called the island of Tenerife Nivaria, from the Latin word nix ( nsg. According to Pliny the Younger, Amazigh king Juba II sent an expedition to the Canary Islands and Madeira he named the Canary Islands for the particularly ferocious dogs ( canaria) on the island. The island's indigenous people, the Guanche Berbers, referred to the island as Achinet or Chenet in their language (variant spellings are found in the literature). The name Tenerife likely comes from Tamazight but there's no consensus on its correct interpretation. Tenerife also has the largest number of endemic species in Europe. Another geographical feature of the island, the Macizo de Anaga (massif), has been designated as a UNESCO Biosphere Reserve since 2015. It is also the third-largest volcano in the world, when measured from its base. It includes Mount Teide, which has the highest elevation in Spain, and the highest elevation among all the islands in the Atlantic Ocean. Teide National Park, located in the center of the island, is also a UNESCO World Heritage Site. Tenerife is served by two airports Tenerife North Airport and Tenerife South Airport. It was the capital of the Canary Islands before Santa Cruz replaced it in 1833. It is the second most populous city on the island, and the third most populous in the archipelago. The city of La Laguna is a UNESCO World Heritage Site. Founded in 1792 in San Cristóbal de La Laguna, it is the oldest university in the Canaries. The island is home to the University of La Laguna. Santa Cruz contains the modern Auditorio de Tenerife, the architectural symbol of the Canary Islands. (After the 1833 territorial division of Spain, until 1927, Santa Cruz de Tenerife was the sole capital of the Canary Islands). This has been the arrangement since 1927, when the Crown ordered it. The two cities are both home to governmental institutions, such as the offices of the presidency and the ministries. That city and Las Palmas de Gran Canaria are the co-capitals of the autonomous community of the Canary Islands. The capital of the island, Santa Cruz de Tenerife, is also the seat of the island council ( cabildo insular). It is one of the most important tourist destinations in Spain and the world, hosting one of the world's largest carnivals, the Carnival of Santa Cruz de Tenerife. Īpproximately five million tourists visit Tenerife each year it is the most visited island in the archipelago. With a land area of 2,034 square kilometres (785 sq mi) and a population of 978,100 inhabitants as of January 2022, it is also the most populous island of Spain and of Macaronesia. It is home to 43% of the total population of the archipelago. Tenerife ( / ˌ t ɛ n ə ˈ r iː f/ Spanish: formerly spelled Teneriffe) is the largest and most populous island of the Canary Islands.
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